{"id":114957,"date":"2026-03-12T15:33:05","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T15:33:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bibliostaged.wpengine.com\/lia-dans-les-bibliotheques-ce-qui-a-change-ce-qui-est-en-jeu\/"},"modified":"2026-03-13T15:20:52","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T15:20:52","slug":"lia-dans-les-bibliotheques-ce-qui-a-change-ce-qui-est-en-jeu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/lia-dans-les-bibliotheques-ce-qui-a-change-ce-qui-est-en-jeu\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;IA dans les biblioth\u00e8ques : ce qui a chang\u00e9, ce qui est en jeu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"114957\" class=\"elementor elementor-114957 elementor-114338\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a8514af elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1a8514af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;e10cdb8&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-530bb76f\" data-id=\"530bb76f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68cdab7b hero hero-post hero-sub hero-content-dark hero-product elementor-cta--layout-image-left elementor-cta--mobile-layout-image-above elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"68cdab7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/AI-in-Libraries.webp);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Un biblioth\u00e9caire interagit avec une interface num\u00e9rique de d\u00e9couverte dans une biblioth\u00e8que moderne.\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/category\/blog\/\" rel=\"tag\">Blog<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/category\/blog\/library-strategy\/\" rel=\"tag\">Strat\u00e9gie Biblioth\u00e8que<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__description elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tL&rsquo;IA dans les biblioth\u00e8ques : ce qui a chang\u00e9, ce qui est en jeu\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-540ac432 elementor-section-full_width content-video-contained bb-1 elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"540ac432\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;023c89a&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48ed8e5d column-narrow\" data-id=\"48ed8e5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7699b6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7699b6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-toc\">\n  <p class=\"toc-title\">Dans cette article<\/p>\n\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#historical\">Fondements historiques<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#landscape\">Le paysage mondial actuel<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#user\">Le point de vue de l&rsquo;usager<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#professional\">Le point de vue professionnel<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#trends\">Orientations futures<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"#references\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c115686 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c115686\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"introduction\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c26b12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6c26b12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1591a24e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1591a24e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e597646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e597646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Au cours des trois derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les biblioth\u00e8ques du monde entier ont explor\u00e9 ou d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 l&rsquo;IA dans leur catalogage, la recherche et l&rsquo;assistance aux usagers. Son adoption est large, mais sa mise en \u0153uvre varie consid\u00e9rablement. Pour comprendre o\u00f9 l&rsquo;IA trouve sa place, il est utile de comprendre ce qui l&rsquo;a pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e.  <\/p><p>L\u2019automatisation des biblioth\u00e8ques n\u2019a pas commenc\u00e9 avec le machine learning. Elle trouve ses origines dans les cartes perfor\u00e9es, les lecteurs de codes-barres et les syst\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques.<br>Les technologies ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 au fil des d\u00e9cennies, mais la mission des biblioth\u00e8ques, elle, est rest\u00e9e la m\u00eame.   <\/p><p>Cet article retrace cette \u00e9volution, depuis le projet MARC et les premiers syst\u00e8mes de pr\u00eat automatis\u00e9, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative et \u00e0 l\u2019analyse op\u00e9rationnelle des donn\u00e9es. Il s\u2019appuie sur des donn\u00e9es de d\u00e9ploiement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale pour mesurer le niveau d\u2019adoption actuel et analyse la mani\u00e8re dont l\u2019intelligence artificielle transforme l\u2019exp\u00e9rience des usagers et les m\u00e9tiers des professionnels des biblioth\u00e8ques. <\/p><p>S\u2019appuyant sur des recherches publi\u00e9es et sur des donn\u00e9es d\u2019enqu\u00eate mondiale recueillies aupr\u00e8s de plus de 2 000 biblioth\u00e9caires dans 109 pays, ainsi que sur l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de d\u00e9ploiement dans des biblioth\u00e8ques publiques, universitaires et sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es, cet article examine les enjeux li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019introduction de l\u2019intelligence artificielle dans l\u2019environnement des biblioth\u00e8ques.<\/p><p>Dans cet article, le terme \u00ab IA \u00bb d\u00e9signe de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale l\u2019apprentissage automatique (machine learning) et les syst\u00e8mes g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs. Lorsque cela est pertinent, des distinctions sont \u00e9tablies entre l\u2019automatisation bas\u00e9e sur des r\u00e8gles, la mod\u00e9lisation statistique et l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b73ca9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"b73ca9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"historique\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67184094 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"67184094\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fondements historiques<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1c3714 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e1c3714\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d310c33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d310c33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"757\" data-end=\"1058\">La technologie des biblioth\u00e8ques a \u00e9volu\u00e9 selon deux voies parall\u00e8les qui ont progressivement converg\u00e9 : les syst\u00e8mes logiciels qui organisent et r\u00e9cup\u00e8rent les informations, et les syst\u00e8mes mat\u00e9riels qui g\u00e8rent la circulation, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s physique. Comprendre ces deux trajectoires permet de mieux cerner ce que repr\u00e9sente aujourd&rsquo;hui l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57f006df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"57f006df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Automatisation logicielle<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ae1dc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ae1dc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019automatisation des donn\u00e9es en biblioth\u00e8que remonte au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1960, lorsque les universit\u00e9s ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 exp\u00e9rimenter l\u2019utilisation d\u2019ordinateurs centraux (mainframes), de cartes perfor\u00e9es et de bandes magn\u00e9tiques pour standardiser les notices de catalogue.<\/p><p>Le projet pilote <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/marc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MARC,<\/a> lanc\u00e9 par la Library of Congress en 1966, a marqu\u00e9 un tournant d\u00e9cisif. Les donn\u00e9es bibliographiques sont alors devenues lisibles par machine et \u00e9changeables entre institutions.<\/p><p>En 1971, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oclc.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OCLC<\/a> a mis en place le catalogage coop\u00e9ratif, permettant de r\u00e9duire le travail descriptif redondant entre biblioth\u00e8ques (NISO, 2012 ; Rosenheck, 1997).<\/p><p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1970 et 1980, les syst\u00e8mes int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de gestion de biblioth\u00e8que (SIGB) ont structur\u00e9 et automatis\u00e9 des fonctions cl\u00e9s telles que le pr\u00eat, les acquisitions et la gestion du catalogue (Breeding, 2009).<\/p><p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, l\u2019apparition des OPAC web (catalogues publics accessibles en ligne) a permis l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 distance aux catalogues (Borgman, 1996).<br \/>Les ann\u00e9es 2000 ont vu l\u2019essor des collections num\u00e9riques et l\u2019int\u00e9gration des progr\u00e8s du traitement automatique du langage naturel dans les syst\u00e8mes de recherche d\u2019information (Manning et al., 2008).<\/p><p>\u00c0 partir des ann\u00e9es 2010, les outils de d\u00e9couverte (discovery layers) ont int\u00e9gr\u00e9 par d\u00e9faut des fonctionnalit\u00e9s telles que le classement par pertinence et la recherche f\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9e (Breeding, 2015).<\/p><p>Il est important de distinguer la recherche algorithmique de l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative. Pendant des d\u00e9cennies, le classement par pertinence et les syst\u00e8mes de recherche bas\u00e9s sur le traitement automatique du langage naturel (NLP) ont am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information. Toutefois, ils ne produisaient pas de nouvelles r\u00e9ponses ni de contenus : ils optimisaient simplement la mani\u00e8re dont les documents et notices existants \u00e9taient retrouv\u00e9s.<\/p><p>L\u2019introduction des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative apr\u00e8s 2022 marque un changement qualitatif majeur. Des syst\u00e8mes tels que <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2303.08774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GPT-4 <\/a>ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 synth\u00e9tiser, r\u00e9sumer et g\u00e9n\u00e9rer du texte \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, en produisant des r\u00e9ponses qui interpr\u00e8tent et contextualisent l\u2019information, plut\u00f4t que de simplement la retrouver.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb6aa70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cb6aa70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Automatisation mat\u00e9rielle<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28cdba30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28cdba30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tandis que l\u2019automatisation des logiciels \u00e9voluait en arri\u00e8re-plan, une transformation parall\u00e8le a progressivement modifi\u00e9 l\u2019exp\u00e9rience physique de la biblioth\u00e8que.<\/p><p>En 1970, la Saint Paul Public Library a mis en place le premier syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/fournitures-de-bibliotheque\/\">Tattle-Tape,<\/a> d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par 3M. Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1990, cette technologie prot\u00e9geait d\u00e9j\u00e0 les collections de biblioth\u00e8ques dans plus de 40 pays (Breeding, 2015 ; Bibliotheca, 2001).<\/p><p>En 1972, la Kentish Town Library a adopt\u00e9 l\u2019un des premiers syst\u00e8mes d\u2019identification par code-barres, ce qui a permis d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les op\u00e9rations de pr\u00eat et de r\u00e9duire les erreurs manuelles (Tedd, 2007).<\/p><p>En 1992, 3M a lanc\u00e9 le syst\u00e8me <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/self-service-in-libraries-evolution-impact-and-the-future\/\">de pr\u00eat automatis\u00e9 en libre-service <\/a>Model 5210, institutionnalisant le libre-service en biblioth\u00e8que avant m\u00eame que les automates ne deviennent courants dans le commerce de d\u00e9tail.<\/p><p>La tendance \u00e9tait claire : les biblioth\u00e8ques ont souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9curseures dans l\u2019adoption de l\u2019automatisation des op\u00e9rations, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pour faire face aux contraintes de personnel et \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation de la demande.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-616cdc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-horizontal-timeline\" data-id=\"616cdc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:3,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1}\" data-widget_type=\"jet-horizontal-timeline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-horizontal-timeline jet-elements\">\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline jet-hor-timeline--layout-chess jet-hor-timeline--align-left jet-hor-timeline--scroll-bar\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-track\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-list jet-hor-timeline-list--top\">\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-80356c2 is-active\" data-item-id=\"80356c2\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t<h5 class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-title\">Les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tapes du catalogage informatis\u00e9<\/h5>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-f74456f is-active\" data-item-id=\"f74456f\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__meta\">1966<\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-e752733 is-active\" data-item-id=\"e752733\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t<h5 class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-title\">Tattle-Tape<\/h5>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-dcecdb2 is-active\" data-item-id=\"dcecdb2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__meta\">1971<\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-ee248af is-active\" data-item-id=\"ee248af\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t<h5 class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-title\">syst\u00e8mes de codes-barres<\/h5>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-147d974 is-active\" data-item-id=\"147d974\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__meta\">1983<\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-e88cca3 is-active\" data-item-id=\"e88cca3\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t<h5 class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-title\">OPAC<\/h5>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-9ac98b9 is-active\" data-item-id=\"9ac98b9\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__meta\">1992<\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-36e6b49 is-active\" data-item-id=\"36e6b49\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t<h5 class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-title\">Koha (open-source SIGB)<\/h5>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-01b6243 is-active\" data-item-id=\"01b6243\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__meta\">Les ann\u00e9es 2010<\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-ee33c7f is-active\" data-item-id=\"ee33c7f\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t<h5 class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-title\">IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative<\/h5>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-list jet-hor-timeline-list--middle\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline__line\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-80356c2 is-active\" data-item-id=\"80356c2\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point-content\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-circle\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-f74456f is-active\" data-item-id=\"f74456f\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point-content\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-circle\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-e752733 is-active\" data-item-id=\"e752733\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point-content\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-circle\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-dcecdb2 is-active\" data-item-id=\"dcecdb2\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point-content\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-circle\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-ee248af is-active\" data-item-id=\"ee248af\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point-content\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-circle\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-147d974 is-active\" data-item-id=\"147d974\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point-content\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-circle\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-e88cca3 is-active\" data-item-id=\"e88cca3\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point-content\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-circle\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-9ac98b9 is-active\" data-item-id=\"9ac98b9\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point-content\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-circle\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-36e6b49 is-active\" data-item-id=\"36e6b49\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point-content\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-circle\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-01b6243 is-active\" data-item-id=\"01b6243\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point-content\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-circle\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-ee33c7f is-active\" data-item-id=\"ee33c7f\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__point-content\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-circle\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-list jet-hor-timeline-list--bottom\">\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-80356c2 is-active\" data-item-id=\"80356c2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__meta\">D\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1960<\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-f74456f is-active\" data-item-id=\"f74456f\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t<h5 class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-title\">MARC standard<\/h5>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-e752733 is-active\" data-item-id=\"e752733\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__meta\">1970<\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-dcecdb2 is-active\" data-item-id=\"dcecdb2\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t<h5 class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-title\">catalogage coop\u00e9ratif d\u2019OCLC<\/h5>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-ee248af is-active\" data-item-id=\"ee248af\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__meta\">1972<\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-147d974 is-active\" data-item-id=\"147d974\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t<h5 class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-title\">SIGB<\/h5>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-e88cca3 is-active\" data-item-id=\"e88cca3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__meta\">Les ann\u00e9es 1990<\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-9ac98b9 is-active\" data-item-id=\"9ac98b9\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t<h5 class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-title\">Premier syst\u00e8me commercial de pr\u00eat en libre-service<\/h5>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-36e6b49 is-active\" data-item-id=\"36e6b49\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__meta\">2000<\/div>\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-01b6243 is-active\" data-item-id=\"01b6243\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t<h5 class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-title\">L\u2019apprentissage automatique dans les outils de d\u00e9couverte<\/h5>\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item elementor-repeater-item-ee33c7f is-active\" data-item-id=\"ee33c7f\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"jet-hor-timeline-item__meta\">2022<\/div>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0e1c05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c0e1c05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"paysage\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc44fc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc44fc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le paysage mondial actuel<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b674daf elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b674daf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a2753b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a2753b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le rapport <a href=\"https:\/\/clarivate.com\/pulse-of-the-library\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Pulse of the Library 2025<\/a>, bas\u00e9 sur les r\u00e9ponses de plus de 2 000 biblioth\u00e9caires issus de 109 pays, offre l\u2019une des analyses les plus compl\u00e8tes de l\u2019adoption de l\u2019intelligence artificielle dans le secteur des biblioth\u00e8ques (Clarivate, 2025).<\/p><p>67 % des biblioth\u00e8ques d\u00e9clarent explorer ou mettre en \u0153uvre des solutions d\u2019IA. 33 % indiquent avoir d\u00e9j\u00e0 engag\u00e9 une mise en \u0153uvre active.<br>Les contraintes budg\u00e9taires restent le principal obstacle, cit\u00e9 par 62 % des r\u00e9pondants. Plus de la moiti\u00e9 reconnaissent \u00e9galement que l\u2019adoption de l\u2019IA n\u00e9cessitera un important effort de mont\u00e9e en comp\u00e9tences.   <\/p><p>Les \u00e9carts r\u00e9gionaux sont significatifs : l\u2019Asie et l\u2019Europe affichent un niveau de maturit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 dans la mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019IA que les \u00c9tats-Unis. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95d2656 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"95d2656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"><style>.bib-stats-grid {\r\n    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\r\n    gap: 1.25rem;\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-stat {\r\n    background: #fff;\r\n    border-radius: 8px;\r\n    padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem;\r\n    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.07), 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    flex-direction: column;\r\n    gap: 0.6rem;\r\n    transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-stat:hover {\r\n    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.07);\r\n    transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-stat .number {\r\n    font-size: 2.8rem;\r\n    font-weight: 700;\r\n    color: #E3000F;\r\n    line-height: 1;\r\n    letter-spacing: -0.02em;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-stat .text {\r\n    font-size: 13px;\r\n    line-height: 1.6;\r\n    color: #555;\r\n    font-weight: 400;\r\n  }\r\n<\/style><div class=\"bib-stats-grid\"><div class=\"bib-stat\"><span class=\"number\">67%<\/span><span class=\"text\">des biblioth\u00e8ques dans le monde explorent ou mettent en \u0153uvre l\u2019IA, contre 63 % en 2024.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bib-stat\"><span class=\"number\">35%<\/span><span class=\"text\">sont encore au stade d\u2019\u00e9valuation initiale, sans d\u00e9ploiement actif.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bib-stat\"><span class=\"number\">33%<\/span><span class=\"text\">indiquent une adoption active de l\u2019IA, avec des solutions d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bib-stat\"><span class=\"number\">62%<\/span><span class=\"text\">citent un budget insuffisant comme principal obstacle, devant le manque d\u2019expertise, qui arrivait en t\u00eate en 2024.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bib-stat\"><span class=\"number\">56%<\/span><span class=\"text\">reconnaissent que l\u2019IA n\u00e9cessitera une importante mont\u00e9e en comp\u00e9tences ou une reconversion des \u00e9quipes.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"bib-stat\"><span class=\"number\">49%<\/span><span class=\"text\">estiment que l\u2019IA permettra au personnel de se consacrer davantage \u00e0 des t\u00e2ches strat\u00e9giques et cr\u00e9atives, \u00e0 mesure que les activit\u00e9s routini\u00e8res seront automatis\u00e9es.<\/span><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c874427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c874427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: left;\">Source: Clarivate. (2025). <em>Pulse of the Library 2025<\/em>. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67c3979 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"67c3979\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"usager\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-557c4a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"557c4a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le point de vue de l'usager<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b125a2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0b125a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c80f28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c80f28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pour les usagers, l\u2019IA entre dans la biblioth\u00e8que principalement par le biais des syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9couverte, de la continuit\u00e9 des services et de l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1c92a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f1c92a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00e9couverte et recommandation<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bf6cc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4bf6cc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les catalogues traditionnels exigent une recherche pr\u00e9cise : les usagers doivent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement savoir ce qu\u2019ils cherchent.<\/p><p>Les syst\u00e8mes enrichis par l\u2019IA \u2014 int\u00e9grant notamment des technologies avanc\u00e9es de traitement automatique du langage naturel (NLP) et, plus r\u00e9cemment, des mod\u00e8les g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs \u2014 sont capables d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter l\u2019intention s\u00e9mantique des requ\u00eates et de faire appara\u00eetre des ressources pertinentes, m\u00eame en l\u2019absence de correspondances exactes avec les mots-cl\u00e9s.<\/p><p>Des outils tels que <a href=\"https:\/\/exlibrisgroup.com\/products\/primo-discovery-service\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Primo Research Assistant <\/a>et <a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge.exlibrisgroup.com\/Alma\/Product_Materials\/010Roadmap\/AI_Metadata_Enrichment_for_Libraries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alma AI Metadata Assistant<\/a> utilisent des mod\u00e8les de langage et d\u2019autres techniques d\u2019intelligence artificielle pour enrichir les notices et am\u00e9liorer le classement par pertinence.<br \/>Certains reposent principalement sur l\u2019apprentissage automatique et des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019automatisation fond\u00e9s sur le traitement du langage naturel (NLP) ; les versions plus r\u00e9centes int\u00e8grent des mod\u00e8les g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs capables de produire des r\u00e9sum\u00e9s, des m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es sugg\u00e9r\u00e9es ou des explications contextuelles.<br \/>Le r\u00e9sultat concret est une recherche plus fluide et une d\u00e9couverte de l\u2019information plus large et contextualis\u00e9e.<\/p><p>Toutes les exp\u00e9riences de recommandation ne reposent pas sur l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative. Bien avant l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de ces syst\u00e8mes, les biblioth\u00e8ques s\u2019appuyaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur des m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es structur\u00e9es, des vocabulaires contr\u00f4l\u00e9s et une s\u00e9lection \u00e9ditoriale pour alimenter des dispositifs de recommandation qui influen\u00e7aient d\u00e9j\u00e0 les documents propos\u00e9s aux usagers au moment de l\u2019emprunt.<\/p><p>En 2023, Bibliotheca et NoveList ont \u00e9tabli un partenariat exclusif afin d\u2019int\u00e9grer des recommandations de lecture expertes directement dans les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/solutions\/emprunt-en-libre-service\/\">syst\u00e8mes de libre-service <\/a>de Bibliotheca, reliant ainsi le moment de l\u2019emprunt \u00e0 des suggestions personnalis\u00e9es issues de la base \u00e9ditoriale de NoveList.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a0bd8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4a0bd8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bibliotheca_selfCheck-3000_Cincy-Library_OH-4-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-103062\" alt=\"Un usager utilise l&#039;automate Bibliotheca selfCheck 3000 en espagnol \u00e0 la biblioth\u00e8que publique de Cincinnati.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bibliotheca_selfCheck-3000_Cincy-Library_OH-4-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bibliotheca_selfCheck-3000_Cincy-Library_OH-4-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bibliotheca_selfCheck-3000_Cincy-Library_OH-4-768x1151.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bibliotheca_selfCheck-3000_Cincy-Library_OH-4-1025x1536.webp 1025w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Bibliotheca_selfCheck-3000_Cincy-Library_OH-4.webp 1366w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37d1f5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37d1f5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un usager utilise l&rsquo;automate de pr\u00eat en libre-service Bibliotheca selfCheck 3000 \u00e0 la biblioth\u00e8que publique de Cincinnati.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0274542 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0274542\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chatbots et continuit\u00e9 de service<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b39c3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b39c3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [&amp;_&gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Les chatbots prennent en charge de nombreuses t\u00e2ches courantes, comme les questions fr\u00e9quentes, les renouvellements de pr\u00eats, les r\u00e9servations et l\u2019orientation des usagers, de mani\u00e8re fiable (Aharony &amp; Ben-Baruch, 2019 ; Lund &amp; Wang, 2023).<br \/>Leur principal avantage r\u00e9side dans leur disponibilit\u00e9 : le service peut \u00eatre assur\u00e9 24 heures sur 24, ind\u00e9pendamment des horaires de pr\u00e9sence du personnel.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Ce qui les distingue d\u2019une simple FAQ num\u00e9rique, c\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9tendue de leurs usages. Une revue syst\u00e9matique men\u00e9e par Crompton et Burke (2023) a identifi\u00e9 cinq grandes cat\u00e9gories d\u2019applications des chatbots dans les biblioth\u00e8ques universitaires, allant du retour automatis\u00e9 et de la pr\u00e9diction des comportements des usagers jusqu\u2019au tutorat intelligent adapt\u00e9 au profil de chaque \u00e9tudiant.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Ensemble, ces applications dessinent une couche de service capable d\u2019accompagner les usagers, depuis leur premier contact avec un sujet jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019aboutissement d\u2019un projet de recherche.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Une pr\u00e9caution importante doit toutefois \u00eatre soulign\u00e9e. Les chatbots \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pr\u00e9sentent des taux d\u2019erreurs factuelles document\u00e9s lorsqu\u2019ils sont utilis\u00e9s pour des t\u00e2ches li\u00e9es aux r\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Les biblioth\u00e8ques qui d\u00e9veloppent des chatbots entra\u00een\u00e9s sur leurs propres collections et leurs r\u00e8gles de fonctionnement obtiennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des r\u00e9sultats plus fiables.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Dans les services de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, une r\u00e9ponse erron\u00e9e donn\u00e9e avec assurance peut \u00eatre pire que l\u2019absence de r\u00e9ponse.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d93f08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4d93f08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 comme infrastructure fondamentale<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c04ea53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c04ea53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Certains outils d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 int\u00e8grent d\u00e9sormais l\u2019intelligence artificielle, comme la traduction en temps r\u00e9el ou les syst\u00e8mes de synth\u00e8se et de reconnaissance vocale adaptatifs.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">D\u2019autres \u2014 notamment les \u00e9quipements r\u00e9glables ou les modes \u00e0 contraste \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u2014 reposent sur des solutions d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 \u00e9prouv\u00e9es, plut\u00f4t que sur l\u2019intelligence artificielle.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">La synth\u00e8se vocale, les interfaces adaptatives, la traduction en temps r\u00e9el et les \u00e9quipements ajustables s\u2019inscrivent d\u00e9sormais dans le respect des exigences l\u00e9gales pr\u00e9vues par l\u2019<a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/strategy-and-policy\/policies\/justice-and-fundamental-rights\/disability\/european-accessibility-act-eaa_en\" rel=\"noopener\">European Accessibility Act <\/a>et par les normes <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG21\/\" rel=\"noopener\">WCAG 2.1 niveau AA<\/a>, offrant aux institutions \u00e0 la fois un cadre de conformit\u00e9 et un cadre op\u00e9rationnel.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">La dimension logicielle ne raconte pas toute l\u2019histoire. Les points de service physiques jouent eux aussi un r\u00f4le direct dans l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/selfcheck-3000\/\">automates modernes de libre-service<\/a> int\u00e8grent d\u00e9sormais des hauteurs r\u00e9glables pour les utilisateurs en fauteuil roulant, des modes d\u2019affichage \u00e0 contraste \u00e9lev\u00e9, une synth\u00e8se vocale int\u00e9gr\u00e9e et des interfaces multilingues couvrant plusieurs dizaines de langues.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/solutions\/detection-antivol\/\">portiques de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a> sont \u00e9galement con\u00e7us avec des passages larges, afin que l\u2019infrastructure destin\u00e9e \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les collections ne limite pas l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux usagers.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Des donn\u00e9es empiriques montrent des am\u00e9liorations mesurables de l\u2019autonomie pour les usagers ayant des d\u00e9ficiences visuelles ou motrices lorsque ces outils sont mis en place (Chauhan, 2024).<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Pour des populations historiquement sous-repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es parmi les usagers des biblioth\u00e8ques, la question ne se limite pas \u00e0 la conformit\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire : cet angle tend \u00e0 minimiser l\u2019ampleur des enjeux r\u00e9els.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d631862 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d631862\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019information<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40b7a95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40b7a95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Lorsqu\u2019un syst\u00e8me peut produire en quelques secondes une r\u00e9ponse apparemment cr\u00e9dible, la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9valuer cette r\u00e9ponse devient plus importante que celle de la trouver.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">En 1989, l\u2019American Library Association a d\u00e9fini la ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019information comme la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre un besoin d\u2019information et \u00e0 savoir la rechercher, l\u2019\u00e9valuer et l\u2019utiliser efficacement.<br \/>Les <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ala.org\/acrl\/standards\/ai\" rel=\"noopener\">recommandations publi\u00e9es en 2025 par l\u2019ACRL<\/a> \u00e9largissent cette d\u00e9finition pour y inclure la compr\u00e9hension des algorithmes et l\u2019esprit critique face aux syst\u00e8mes g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Haider et Sundin (2019) expliquent que la recherche d\u2019information a \u00e9volu\u00e9 : elle n\u2019est plus seulement assur\u00e9e par des outils qui r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 des requ\u00eates, mais par des \u00ab moteurs de suggestion \u00bb capables d\u2019anticiper les besoins avant m\u00eame qu\u2019une requ\u00eate ne soit formul\u00e9e.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Les syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9couverte des biblioth\u00e8ques \u00e9voluent dans la m\u00eame direction. Aider les usagers \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 \u00e9valuer cette \u00e9volution devient d\u00e9sormais une composante essentielle de la ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019information.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0edf56d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"0edf56d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"professionnel\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40e5b48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40e5b48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le point de vue professionnel<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-072e2b4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"072e2b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-043f115 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"043f115\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"7468\" data-end=\"7557\">Pour les biblioth\u00e9caires, l\u2019IA repr\u00e9sente \u00e0 la fois des gains d\u2019efficacit\u00e9, des enjeux de gouvernance et une \u00e9volution des r\u00f4les professionnels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da40f22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"da40f22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"><style>.bib-table-wrap {\r\n    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    border: 1px solid #bbb;\r\n    overflow: hidden;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap table {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    border-collapse: collapse;\r\n    font-size: 13px;\r\n    line-height: 1.5;\r\n    table-layout: fixed;\r\n    margin: 0;\r\n    padding: 0;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap col.use-case-col {\r\n    width: 19%;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap col.other-col {\r\n    width: 27%;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap thead tr {\r\n    background: #E3000F;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap thead th {\r\n    color: #fff;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    letter-spacing: 0.02em;\r\n    padding: 11px 14px;\r\n    text-align: left;\r\n    border: none;\r\n    border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n    overflow-wrap: anywhere;\r\n    word-break: normal;\r\n    hyphens: auto;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap thead th:first-child {\r\n    padding: 11px 14px 11px 16px;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap thead th:last-child {\r\n    border-right: none;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap tbody tr {\r\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb;\r\n    transition: background 0.15s ease;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap tbody tr:last-child {\r\n    border-bottom: none;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap tbody tr:hover {\r\n    background: #fdf5f5;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap tbody td {\r\n    padding: 13px 14px;\r\n    vertical-align: top;\r\n    color: #333;\r\n    border-right: 1px solid #bbb;\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n    overflow-wrap: anywhere;\r\n    word-break: normal;\r\n    hyphens: auto;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap tbody td:last-child {\r\n    border-right: none;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap .use-case {\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    color: #111;\r\n    padding-left: 16px;\r\n    overflow-wrap: anywhere;\r\n    word-break: normal;\r\n    hyphens: auto;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap a {\r\n    color: #E3000F;\r\n    text-decoration: none;\r\n  }\r\n  .bib-table-wrap a:hover {\r\n    text-decoration: underline;\r\n  }\r\n<\/style><div class=\"bib-table-wrap\"><table><colgroup><col class=\"use-case-col\"><col class=\"other-col\"><col class=\"other-col\"><col class=\"other-col\"><\/colgroup><thead><tr><th>Cas d\u2019usage<\/th><th>Ce que cela couvre<\/th><th>Principaux moteurs<\/th><th>Principaux obstacles<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"use-case\">Automatisation<\/td><td>Flux de travail administratifs routiniers ; stockage et r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration automatis\u00e9s<\/td><td>Efficacit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle<\/td><td>Co\u00fbt \u00e9lev\u00e9 des infrastructures ; complexit\u00e9 d\u2019int\u00e9gration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"use-case\">D\u00e9couverte<\/td><td>Recherche am\u00e9lior\u00e9e par l\u2019IA et le machine learning ; syst\u00e8mes de recommandation<\/td><td>\u00c9largissement de l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle<\/td><td>Questions \u00e9thiques li\u00e9es au consentement ; difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 transformer les projets pilotes en services<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"use-case\">Chatbots<\/td><td>Questions de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ; renouvellements ; orientation dans les services<\/td><td>Disponibilit\u00e9 24\/7 ; coh\u00e9rence des r\u00e9ponses<\/td><td>R\u00e9sistance du personnel ; pr\u00e9occupations li\u00e9es \u00e0 la confidentialit\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"use-case\">Soutien \u00e0 la recherche<\/td><td>Soutien aux flux de donn\u00e9es de recherche ; pr\u00e9s\u00e9lection automatis\u00e9e de la litt\u00e9rature ; curation ; gestion des licences<\/td><td>Volume et rapidit\u00e9 de la publication scientifique ; croissance de la data science dans les institutions<\/td><td>Droit d\u2019auteur ; acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable ; r\u00f4le des biblioth\u00e8ques pas toujours reconnu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"use-case\">Culture de l\u2019IA<\/td><td>Formation du personnel et des usagers \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9thique de l\u2019IA<\/td><td>Risques soci\u00e9taux li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019IA ; mandat \u00e9thique<\/td><td>R\u00f4le de la biblioth\u00e8que pas toujours soutenu institutionnellement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"use-case\">Analytique<\/td><td>Analyse d\u2019usage ; planification des services ; pr\u00e9vision de la demande<\/td><td>Conception de services fond\u00e9e sur les donn\u00e9es<\/td><td>Comp\u00e9tences techniques ; contraintes li\u00e9es au RGPD et \u00e0 la confidentialit\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"use-case\">Op\u00e9rations technologiques<\/td><td>Gestion des appareils ; surveillance de l\u2019\u00e9tat des syst\u00e8mes ; rapports assist\u00e9s par IA<\/td><td>Visibilit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle entre les succursales et les points de service \u2014 par exemple via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/libraryconnect-link\/\" target=\"_blank\">libraryConnect LINK<\/a><\/td><td>Complexit\u00e9 d\u2019int\u00e9gration ; contraintes de personnel<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6ad50f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6ad50f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: left;\">Adapt\u00e9 de Cox et Mazumdar (2024) et Kautonen et Gasparini (2024).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54512bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54512bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es et catalogage automatis\u00e9s<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4d134a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4d134a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Le catalogage a historiquement \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019une des activit\u00e9s les plus exigeantes en temps et en ressources dans les biblioth\u00e8ques. Aujourd\u2019hui, des outils fond\u00e9s sur l\u2019intelligence artificielle et l\u2019apprentissage automatique permettent de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es enrichies et d\u2019identifier des relations entre les documents, en une fraction du temps autrefois n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Les gains d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 sont bien r\u00e9els, mais ils s\u2019accompagnent d\u2019un certain scepticisme professionnel. Les donn\u00e9es d\u2019enqu\u00eate de Clarivate (2025) indiquent que les professionnels du catalogage expriment le niveau de pr\u00e9occupation le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 face \u00e0 l\u2019adoption de l\u2019IA parmi l\u2019ensemble des m\u00e9tiers des biblioth\u00e8ques, 35 % d\u2019entre eux faisant \u00e9tat d\u2019une perception n\u00e9gative.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Les outils \u00e9voluent plus rapidement que la confiance que la profession leur accorde.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae36c89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ae36c89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00e9veloppement pr\u00e9dictif des collections<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1440b85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1440b85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019apprentissage automatique analysent les donn\u00e9es de pr\u00eat, la demande non satisfaite et les tendances d\u2019usage afin d\u2019\u00e9clairer les d\u00e9cisions d\u2019acquisition et de d\u00e9sherbage.<\/p><p>Ces syst\u00e8mes reposent sur la mod\u00e9lisation statistique et l\u2019analyse pr\u00e9dictive, plut\u00f4t que sur l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative. Le jugement professionnel demeure au c\u0153ur du processus, mais les sources d\u2019information ont consid\u00e9rablement \u00e9volu\u00e9.<\/p><p>Les d\u00e9cisions concernant les collections, autrefois fond\u00e9es principalement sur l\u2019exp\u00e9rience des professionnels et sur des rapports d\u2019usage limit\u00e9s, s\u2019appuient d\u00e9sormais sur l\u2019analyse de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle et sur la mod\u00e9lisation des tendances, \u00e0 partir de jeux de donn\u00e9es beaucoup plus \u00e9tendus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b90d98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b90d98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Intelligence op\u00e9rationnelle<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1404eef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1404eef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Les grands r\u00e9seaux de biblioth\u00e8ques g\u00e8rent des centaines de points de service et d\u2019\u00e9quipements r\u00e9partis sur plusieurs sites.<br>Le suivi des performances et la production de rapports ont longtemps mobilis\u00e9 beaucoup de temps pour le personnel, tout en offrant une visibilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019ensemble des sites. <\/p><p>Les interfaces de requ\u00eate en langage naturel \u2014 souvent assist\u00e9es par l\u2019IA \u2014 int\u00e9gr\u00e9es aux plateformes d\u2019analyse permettent d\u00e9sormais au personnel d\u2019interroger les donn\u00e9es op\u00e9rationnelles en langage courant et de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des tableaux de bord sans soutien technique.<br>Des outils tels que<a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/libraryconnect-link\/\"> libraryConnect LINK<\/a> mettent en \u00e9vidence les tendances d\u2019utilisation et les indicateurs de performance comparatifs directement \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es des syst\u00e8mes en temps r\u00e9el, offrant aux responsables une vision plus claire des op\u00e9rations, sans alourdir la charge de reporting. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9d144b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e9d144b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/libraryConnect-LINK_Mobile-app-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114904\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/libraryConnect-LINK_Mobile-app-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/libraryConnect-LINK_Mobile-app-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/libraryConnect-LINK_Mobile-app-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/libraryConnect-LINK_Mobile-app-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/libraryConnect-LINK_Mobile-app.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9547e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9547e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: left;\">Avec libraryConnect LINK, les biblioth\u00e9caires posent leurs questions en langage courant et obtiennent imm\u00e9diatement des tableaux de bord visuels sur l\u2019usage et la performance des services.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0edf69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f0edf69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c9volution des r\u00f4les<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87b2efd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87b2efd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"313\" data-end=\"683\">L\u2019automatisation et l\u2019intelligence artificielle prennent de plus en plus en charge les t\u00e2ches routini\u00e8res, tout en renfor\u00e7ant la demande pour des activit\u00e9s strat\u00e9giques, \u00e9thiques et relationnelles (Cox, 2023 ; ACRL, 2025).<\/p><p data-start=\"313\" data-end=\"683\">Les questions fr\u00e9quentes, les renouvellements simples et la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es sont de plus en plus automatis\u00e9s.<\/p><p data-start=\"313\" data-end=\"683\">\u00c0 l\u2019inverse, la s\u00e9lection et la mise en valeur des contenus, la m\u00e9diation \u00e9thique et la formation \u00e0 la culture num\u00e9rique et informationnelle deviennent des dimensions centrales du m\u00e9tier.<\/p><p data-start=\"313\" data-end=\"683\">Cette transition n\u2019est toutefois pas uniforme. Une \u00e9tude men\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s de biblioth\u00e9caires universitaires dans quatre pays arabes montre que le style de leadership pr\u00e9dit l\u2019adoption de l\u2019IA de mani\u00e8re plus fiable que la formation technique (Shal, Ghamrawi &amp; Naccache, 2024).<\/p><p data-start=\"313\" data-end=\"683\">Le leadership transformationnel, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une vision strat\u00e9gique, l\u2019ouverture \u00e0 l\u2019innovation et la motivation des \u00e9quipes, influence de mani\u00e8re significative la fa\u00e7on dont le personnel per\u00e7oit l\u2019utilit\u00e9 et la facilit\u00e9 d\u2019utilisation des outils d\u2019IA.<\/p><p data-start=\"313\" data-end=\"683\">\u00c0 l\u2019inverse, le leadership transactionnel n\u2019a montr\u00e9 aucun effet mesurable. Le mod\u00e8le expliquait plus de 94 % de la variance dans la r\u00e9ceptivit\u00e9 du personnel. L\u2019implication est structurelle.<\/p><p data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1452\">Les institutions qui souhaitent r\u00e9ussir la mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019IA doivent investir non seulement dans la formation technique, mais aussi dans le d\u00e9veloppement des capacit\u00e9s de leadership. Les outils peuvent \u00eatre introduits rapidement. La pr\u00e9paration culturelle, en revanche, se construit plus lentement.<\/p><p data-start=\"1454\" data-end=\"1568\">Le r\u00f4le ne dispara\u00eet pas. Il \u00e9volue. L\u2019ampleur et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de cette \u00e9volution d\u00e9pendent largement du leadership institutionnel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daa3f11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daa3f11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La culture de l\u2019IA comme comp\u00e9tence professionnelle<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0dde5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0dde5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"634\">Le rapport The Pulse of the Library 2025 confirme cette tendance. Parmi les biblioth\u00e8ques o\u00f9 la culture de l\u2019IA fait partie de la formation ou du parcours d\u2019int\u00e9gration du personnel, 28 % se situent d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 un niveau de mise en \u0153uvre mod\u00e9r\u00e9 ou actif, contre seulement 8 % dans les institutions o\u00f9 l\u2019IA fait l\u2019objet de peu ou pas d\u2019attention au niveau institutionnel.<\/p><p data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"634\">La relation entre le d\u00e9veloppement structur\u00e9 des comp\u00e9tences et l\u2019adoption de l\u2019IA semble se v\u00e9rifier quel que soit le type d\u2019\u00e9tablissement. Les ACRL AI Competencies for Academic Library Workers, approuv\u00e9es en octobre 2025, formalisent cette \u00e9volution au niveau professionnel.<\/p><p data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"634\">Ce cadre d\u00e9finit quatre domaines de comp\u00e9tence : l\u2019\u00e9thique, les connaissances, l\u2019\u00e9valuation et l\u2019application. La culture de l\u2019IA y est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e non pas comme une comp\u00e9tence technique suppl\u00e9mentaire, mais comme une nouvelle mani\u00e8re pour les professionnels de l\u2019information d\u2019interagir avec les syst\u00e8mes de connaissance.<\/p><p data-start=\"1011\" data-end=\"1533\">Les recherches de Kautonen et Gasparini (2024) mettent en \u00e9vidence un \u00e9cart structurel r\u00e9current. De nombreuses biblioth\u00e8ques confient les comp\u00e9tences li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019IA \u00e0 une seule unit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle ou \u00e9laborent des politiques sans les int\u00e9grer pleinement dans les pratiques quotidiennes.<\/p><p data-start=\"1011\" data-end=\"1533\">Leur \u00e9tude men\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s de professionnels des biblioth\u00e8ques en Scandinavie montre que les approches globales \u2014 combinant formation de base, exp\u00e9rimentation pratique et \u00e9changes entre d\u00e9partements \u2014 obtiennent syst\u00e9matiquement de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats que les mod\u00e8les de formation cloisonn\u00e9s.<br \/>Dans un cas \u00e9tudi\u00e9, des ateliers destin\u00e9s au personnel ont conduit directement \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un cours sur l\u2019IA \u00e0 destination des usagers de la biblioth\u00e8que.<\/p><p data-start=\"1535\" data-end=\"1691\">L\u2019acc\u00e8s aux outils est rarement ce qui freine les biblioth\u00e8ques. Ce qui limite plus souvent l\u2019adoption de l\u2019IA, c\u2019est l\u2019absence de structures institutionnelles \u2014 du temps, une marge d\u2019initiative et un soutien entre services \u2014 permettant au personnel d\u2019exp\u00e9rimenter, d\u2019apprendre de ses erreurs et de d\u00e9velopper un v\u00e9ritable jugement sur le moment et la mani\u00e8re d\u2019utiliser ces syst\u00e8mes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-747b64b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"747b64b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/librarian-child-1024x576.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114905\" alt=\"Un biblioth\u00e9caire aide un jeune \u00e9tudiant \u00e0 utiliser un ordinateur \u00e0 un poste de travail de la biblioth\u00e8que.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/librarian-child-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/librarian-child-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/librarian-child-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/librarian-child-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/librarian-child.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-811b1c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"811b1c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: left;\">\u00c0 mesure que l\u2019IA automatise les t\u00e2ches courantes, les biblioth\u00e9caires se concentrent sur la strat\u00e9gie, l\u2019\u00e9thique et la culture num\u00e9rique et informationnelle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbd5a67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"dbd5a67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"tendances\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ec391 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65ec391\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Et maintenant ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4dbc23 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f4dbc23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c98dec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c98dec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La prochaine phase de l\u2019IA dans les biblioth\u00e8ques s\u2019organise autour de trois r\u00f4les distincts : les biblioth\u00e8ques comme acteurs de formation, aidant les usagers \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 utiliser l\u2019IA de mani\u00e8re critique ; comme plateformes de personnalisation, capables d\u2019anticiper les besoins des usagers ; et comme partenaires actifs dans le processus de recherche.<\/p><p>Chacun de ces r\u00f4les marque une \u00e9volution significative dans la mani\u00e8re dont les biblioth\u00e8ques d\u00e9finissent leur valeur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06cad9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"06cad9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les biblioth\u00e8ques comme acteurs de la formation \u00e0 l\u2019IA.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c7f899 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c7f899\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"634\">S\u2019il est un r\u00f4le \u00e9mergent qui distingue la biblioth\u00e8que de tout autre point d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information, c\u2019est sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 apprendre aux usagers \u00e0 interagir avec l\u2019IA de mani\u00e8re critique.<\/p><p data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"634\">Les plateformes commerciales ont int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 ce que les utilisateurs fassent confiance sans remettre en question. Les biblioth\u00e8ques, au contraire, ont historiquement pour mission d\u2019encourager l\u2019esprit critique.<\/p><p data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"634\">Guides pour utiliser l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative de mani\u00e8re responsable, ateliers pour d\u00e9tecter la d\u00e9sinformation produite par l\u2019IA, formations pour \u00e9valuer des sources synth\u00e9tiques : telles sont les nouvelles formes de ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019information que les biblioth\u00e8ques d\u00e9veloppent aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p><p data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"634\">L\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Leeds, par exemple, a lanc\u00e9 une initiative globale de transformation num\u00e9rique align\u00e9e sur sa vision <a href=\"https:\/\/library.leeds.ac.uk\/news\/article\/1000\/library\/192\/knowledge-for-all-our-vision-for-2030\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Knowledge for All 2030,<\/a> dans laquelle la culture num\u00e9rique et la culture de l\u2019IA constituent une priorit\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique centrale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b11d04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b11d04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La personnalisation \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97067ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97067ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">L\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une biblioth\u00e8que capable d\u2019anticiper ce qu\u2019un usager pourrait souhaiter lire ensuite, d\u2019adapter la pr\u00e9sentation de l\u2019information aux styles d\u2019apprentissage individuels et de mettre en avant des ressources avant m\u00eame que l\u2019usager ne sache qu\u2019il doit les chercher est d\u00e9sormais techniquement \u00e0 port\u00e9e de main.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">La tension est simple. Une personnalisation pouss\u00e9e n\u00e9cessite des donn\u00e9es approfondies. Or, les donn\u00e9es d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur les habitudes de lecture sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment celles que les biblioth\u00e8ques ont historiquement refus\u00e9 de collecter.<br>La mani\u00e8re dont les institutions parviendront \u00e0 \u00e9quilibrer personnalisation et protection de la vie priv\u00e9e sera l\u2019une des questions d\u00e9terminantes de la prochaine d\u00e9cennie.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1ac05d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d1ac05d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">L\u2019IA comme partenaire de recherche.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ffec4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ffec4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Dans les biblioth\u00e8ques universitaires et de recherche, l\u2019IA s\u2019int\u00e8gre progressivement au processus scientifique lui-m\u00eame.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Les revues de litt\u00e9rature automatis\u00e9es, l\u2019identification des lacunes de la recherche, l\u2019analyse des tendances \u00e0 partir de vastes ensembles de publications et les suggestions m\u00e9thodologiques fond\u00e9es sur des sch\u00e9mas observ\u00e9s dans les travaux ant\u00e9rieurs font d\u00e9sormais de plus en plus partie de la mani\u00e8re dont les chercheurs travaillent.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Dans ce contexte, le r\u00f4le du biblioth\u00e9caire universitaire \u00e9volue vers un partenariat m\u00e9thodologique : il ne s\u2019agit plus seulement de savoir o\u00f9 se trouve l\u2019information, mais aussi de comprendre comment les algorithmes influencent ce que les chercheurs trouvent, les questions qu\u2019ils envisagent de poser et les perspectives qui sont mises en avant \u2014 ou, au contraire, ignor\u00e9es.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e87104f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e87104f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/NYPL-1024x683.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-114906\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/NYPL-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/NYPL-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/NYPL-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/NYPL-1536x1024.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/NYPL.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" title=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5194d40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5194d40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-size: 14px; text-align: left;\">Des biblioth\u00e8ques comme la New York Public Library int\u00e8grent d\u00e9sormais la culture de l\u2019IA dans leurs ateliers et leurs initiatives de formation num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d54ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"61d54ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"conclusion\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a77ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2a77ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01b2440 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"01b2440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d3e6a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d3e6a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019intelligence artificielle n\u2019est pas arriv\u00e9e dans les biblioth\u00e8ques comme une rupture ext\u00e9rieure. Elle s\u2019inscrit dans une trajectoire de plusieurs d\u00e9cennies d\u2019automatisation progressive, chaque \u00e9tape \u00e9largissant les capacit\u00e9s des syst\u00e8mes tout en soulevant de nouvelles questions sur le r\u00f4le que les institutions doivent jouer. <\/p><p>Ce qui distingue la phase actuelle est l\u2019ampleur et la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation des syst\u00e8mes. L\u2019IA et les syst\u00e8mes algorithmiques avanc\u00e9s influencent d\u00e9sormais la mani\u00e8re dont l\u2019information est d\u00e9couverte, consult\u00e9e et \u00e9valu\u00e9e.<br>Pour les usagers, cela se traduit souvent par des services plus rapides et plus accessibles. Pour les professionnels, cela signifie moins de temps consacr\u00e9 aux t\u00e2ches r\u00e9p\u00e9titives et davantage de temps d\u00e9di\u00e9 aux activit\u00e9s n\u00e9cessitant analyse et jugement.   <\/p><p>\u00c0 mesure que les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019IA gagnent en capacit\u00e9, le besoin de supervision humaine et d\u2019expertise contextuelle augmente lui aussi.<br>Les biblioth\u00e8ques qui ont commenc\u00e9 par identifier un probl\u00e8me pr\u00e9cis \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre \u2014 r\u00e9duire le temps consacr\u00e9 au catalogage, \u00e9tendre les horaires de service ou am\u00e9liorer la d\u00e9couverte des ressources \u2014 progressent de mani\u00e8re plus r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie que celles qui sont parties de la technologie elle-m\u00eame. <\/p><p>Avec plus de 100 pays d\u00e9j\u00e0 engag\u00e9s \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents stades de l\u2019adoption de l\u2019IA, le secteur ne d\u00e9bat plus de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de s\u2019y engager.<br>L\u2019enjeu consiste d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper les capacit\u00e9s institutionnelles n\u00e9cessaires pour le faire de mani\u00e8re efficace. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eee4b5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"eee4b5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"rfrences\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7492ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c7492ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences cl\u00e9s<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-184e9d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"184e9d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le domaine a progressivement \u00e9labor\u00e9 un ensemble de documents de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence essentiels que tout professionnel des biblioth\u00e8ques travaillant avec l\u2019IA devrait conna\u00eetre.<\/p><p>Les documents suivants sont class\u00e9s par domaine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbfbef2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbfbef2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>\u00c9thique et positionnement institutionnel<\/h4><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ala.org\/acrl\/standards\/ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ACRL \u2014 AI Competencies for Academic Library Workers (2025)<br><\/a>Un cadre de comp\u00e9tences d\u00e9finissant ce que les professionnels des biblioth\u00e8ques doivent conna\u00eetre \u00e0 propos de l\u2019IA, de l\u2019usage de base \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation critique et au plaidoyer.<br>Approuv\u00e9 par le Conseil d\u2019administration de l\u2019ACRL en octobre 2025. <br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arl.org\/resources\/research-libraries-guiding-principles-for-artificial-intelligence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ARL \u2014 Principes directeurs pour l\u2019intelligence artificielle (2024)<\/a><br>Principes d\u2019orientation destin\u00e9s aux biblioth\u00e8ques de recherche aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Le document aborde la gouvernance, l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 algorithmique et le r\u00f4le du biblioth\u00e9caire en tant que m\u00e9diateur responsable.<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.ifla.org\/items\/8c05d706-498b-42c2-a93a-3d47f69f7646\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IFLA \u2014 D\u00e9claration sur les biblioth\u00e8ques et l\u2019intelligence artificielle (2020)<\/a><br>Document \u00e9thique fondamental pour les biblioth\u00e8ques qui s\u2019engagent dans l\u2019usage de l\u2019IA. Il d\u00e9finit des principes li\u00e9s \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 intellectuelle, la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e, l\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 et la transparence. Il constitue un point de d\u00e9part essentiel pour l\u2019\u00e9laboration de toute politique interne.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9e611 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f9e611\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>D\u00e9couverte, recherche et intelligence op\u00e9rationnelle<br><\/h4>\n\n<p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/libraryconnect-link\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bibliotheca \u2014 libraryConnect LINK (fonctionnalit\u00e9s bas\u00e9es sur l\u2019IA)<\/a>\n \nUne intelligence op\u00e9rationnelle fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019IA, int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 LINK. Le personnel peut poser des questions en langage naturel sur les donn\u00e9es d\u2019utilisation et les \u00e9quipements, et obtenir des tableaux de bord visuels ainsi que des rapports comparatifs, afin de soutenir la planification fond\u00e9e sur les donn\u00e9es et le pilotage des syst\u00e8mes. \n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/about.ebsco.com\/artificial-intelligence\/products\/ai-insights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\nEBSCO \u2014 AI Insights: Library Research Platforms\n<\/a><br>R\u00e9sultats issus du programme pilote d\u2019IA d\u2019EBSCO, comprenant des donn\u00e9es sur la recherche en langage naturel, les r\u00e9sum\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s pour chaque document et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la recherche.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/exlibrisgroup.com\/announcement\/ex-libris-primo-research-assistant-is-now-available-for-primo-institutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\nEx Libris \u2014 Primo Research Assistant\n<\/a><br>Un assistant d\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative int\u00e9gr\u00e9 \u00e0 Primo.<br>Un exemple concret de la mani\u00e8re dont l\u2019IA peut \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9e aux outils de d\u00e9couverte d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9s dans les biblioth\u00e8ques universitaires. \n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/niso.org\/publications\/odi-ai-survey-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NISO ODI \u2014 IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative et d\u00e9couverte \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du web (2025)<\/a><br>\nCe document analyse les tensions et les attentes que l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative suscite dans les syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9couverte.\nLa NISO consid\u00e8re que le moment actuel repr\u00e9sente une rupture comparable \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des outils de d\u00e9couverte \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du web autour de 2010. \n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8fbd4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8fbd4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Impl\u00e9mentation<\/h4>\n\n<p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/alastore.ala.org\/genaipol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \nALA \u2014 \u00c9laborer des politiques sur l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative : guide pour les biblioth\u00e8ques publiques et universitaire<\/a>s\n <br>Un guide pratique pour \u00e9laborer des politiques relatives \u00e0 l\u2019usage de l\u2019IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative. Il aborde notamment le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre d\u2019utilisation, la protection des donn\u00e9es, la communication avec les usagers et les processus de r\u00e9vision et de suivi.<br>  \n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/hangingtogether.org\/implementing-an-ai-reference-chatbot-at-the-university-of-calgary-library\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OCLC \/ University of Calgary \u2014 Mise en place d\u2019un chatbot de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence bas\u00e9 sur l\u2019IA (Hanging Together, 2024)<\/a>\n \nL\u2019un des retours d\u2019exp\u00e9rience les plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9s disponibles sur la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un chatbot de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans une biblioth\u00e8que universitaire. Le document aborde les enseignements tir\u00e9s du projet, les protocoles d\u2019escalade vers le personnel et les m\u00e9thodes permettant d\u2019\u00e9valuer le succ\u00e8s du dispositif. \n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/aba\/pcc\/taskgroup\/AI-and-Machine-Learning-TG-final-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \nPCC (Library of Congress) \u2014 Groupe de travail sur l\u2019IA et l\u2019apprentissage automatique pour le catalogage et les m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es \u2014 Rapport fina<\/a>l\n <br>Le rapport officiel sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration de l\u2019intelligence artificielle et de l\u2019apprentissage automatique dans les processus de catalogage et de gestion des m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<br>Il propose une perspective institutionnelle et normative, notamment en mati\u00e8re de standards et de pratiques professionnelles.<br>  \n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11459f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11459f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d497c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d497c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aharony, N., &amp; Ben-Baruch, G. (2019). Chatbots in academic libraries: An exploratory study [Les chatbots dans les biblioth\u00e8ques universitaires : une \u00e9tude exploratoire]. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 45(6), 102113.  <\/p><p>Association des biblioth\u00e8ques universitaires et de recherche (2025). Comp\u00e9tences en IA pour les professionnels des biblioth\u00e8ques universitaires<\/p><p>Bibliotheca. (2001). The Tattler (Winter 2001).<\/p><p>Borgman, C. L. (1996). Why are online catalogs still hard to use? Journal of the American Society for Information Science.  <\/p><p>Breeding, M. (2009). Next-generation library catalogs. <\/p><p>Breeding, M. (2015). Library services platforms. <\/p><p>Chauhan, S. P. S. (2024). Enhancing accessibility in special libraries. <\/p><p>Clarivate. (2025). Pulse of the Library 2025 report.<\/p><p>Cox, A. M. (2023). How libraries can respond to generative AI. <\/p><p>Cox, A. M., &amp; Mazumdar, S. (2024). Defining artificial intelligence for librarians. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 56(2), 330\u2013340.  <\/p><p>Crompton, H., &amp; Burke, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence in higher education: The state of the field. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1).  <\/p><p>Haider, J., &amp; Sundin, O. (2019). Invisible search and online search engines: The ubiquity of search in everyday life. Routledge.  <\/p><p>Kautonen, H., &amp; Gasparini, A. A. (2024). B-Wheel: Building AI competences in academic libraries. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 50(3).  <\/p><p>Lund, B. D., &amp; Wang, T. (2023). Chatting about ChatGPT. <\/p><p>Manning, C. D., Raghavan, P., &amp; Sch\u00fctze, H. (2008). Introduction to information retrieval. <\/p><p>National Information Standards Organization. (2012). 50 years of MARC.<\/p><p>Rosenheck, J. (1997). The development of the Online Computer Library Center. <\/p><p>Shal, T., Ghamrawi, N., &amp; Naccache, H. (2024). Leadership styles and AI acceptance in academic libraries in higher education. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 50(2), Article 102849.  <\/p><p>Tedd, L. A. (2007). The use of barcodes in libraries. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f7e6123 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7f7e6123\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3305ed2c elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3305ed2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Faites passer le mot<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5baf718f elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--skin-minimal elementor-share-buttons--color-custom e-transform elementor-share-buttons--shape-square elementor-grid-0 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"5baf718f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Partager sur linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Partager sur facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Partager sur twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_email\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Partager sur email\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-envelope\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_whatsapp\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Partager sur whatsapp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59e4bbbe elementor-section-full_width content-icon-sub-header bt-thick elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59e4bbbe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;023c89a&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b5d168a\" data-id=\"3b5d168a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-192b55be elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"192b55be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/icon-open-book.svg\" title=\"icon-open-book\" alt=\"icon-open-book\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b0c0f71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b0c0f71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\">Vous aimerez peut-\u00eatre aussi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8c8861 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8c8861\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;023c89a&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4589f42e\" data-id=\"4589f42e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60e40392 heading-offset elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60e40392\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perspectives et tendances<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Des notices MARC aux mod\u00e8les g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs, les syst\u00e8mes des biblioth\u00e8ques ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 pendant des d\u00e9cennies. Nous analysons ce qui a chang\u00e9 pour les usagers et les professionnels \u2014 et les nouveaux enjeux que les biblioth\u00e8ques devront d\u00e9sormais encadrer. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":114907,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[200,214],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-library-strategy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114957","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=114957"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114957\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":115003,"href":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114957\/revisions\/115003"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/114907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=114957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bibliotheca.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=114957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}